In vestibular physiotherapy, dual task refers to the simultaneous performance of two cognitive or motor activities. The benefits of dual cognitive and motor tasks in this context are linked to their potential to improve treatment efficiency. By integrating cognitive components, while targeting vestibular symptoms. In this sense, the dual task is a fundamental approach in vestibular physiotherapy. Here are some of the potential benefits:

Improved sensorimotor integration

The dual cognitive and motor task, when combined appropriately, can have significant benefits. It improves sensorimotor integration. Sensorimotor integration refers to the nervous system's ability to process and interpret sensory information (such as vision, proprioception and hearing) in order to generate adaptive motor responses. Here's how the dual task can contribute to this :

Accumulated coordination between sensory systems

The dual task requires close coordination between different sensory systems. In particular, the vestibular, visual, proprioceptive and tactile systems. This enhanced coordination promotes better integration of sensory information. This is essential for an effective motor response.

Stimulation of brain centers involved in sensorimotor integration

Cognitive tasks can stimulate specific brain regions. Regions responsible for sensorimotor integration, such as the parietal cortex and cerebellum. The dual task encourages simultaneous activation of these brain centers. It thus strengthens their connectivity, promoting better integration of sensory information.

Improved responsiveness to sensory stimuli 

The dual task exposes the sensorimotor system to multiple and varied stimuli. By processing these stimuli simultaneously, the brain becomes more reactive and adaptable to changes in the environment. In this way, they reinforce the ability to adjust to sensory disturbances.

Motor memory training

Motor tasks associated with dual-tasking may include activities requiring motor memory. In other words, the ability to remember and reproduce sequences of movements. This stimulates brain plasticity and contributes to better integration between cognitive and motor processes.

Optimization of motor planning and execution

Dual-tasking can improve movement planning and execution by requiring simultaneous management of the motor task and the cognitive task. This can be particularly beneficial for people with difficulties in movement planning, a common problem in some sensorimotor integration disorders.

Developing body awareness

Performing motor tasks at the same time as cognitive tasks can increase body awareness. This helps individuals to better perceive their body's position in space, promoting more precise sensorimotor integration.

Strengthening the connection between cognition and movement

By practicing the dual task, neuronal connections between the brain areas responsible for cognition and movement can be strengthened. This promotes smoother, more coordinated integration between thought and action.

It's important to note that precise task design, gradual progression and adaptation to individual abilities are key aspects. These three components maximize the benefits of dual-tasking on sensorimotor integration. Healthcare professionals, such as physiotherapists and occupational therapists, can play a crucial role in planning and implementing dual-task programs tailored to the specific needs of each individual.

Central nervous system (CNS) stimulation

Double-tasking can stimulate the central nervous system, promoting communication between the different parts of the brain involved in controlling balance and movement. This stimulation can help restore more efficient motor patterns. Here are just a few of the specific benefits of double-tasking on central nervous system stimulation:

Simultaneous activation of different brain areas

When cognitive and motor tasks are performed simultaneously, several brain regions are activated, including the motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex and cerebellum. This coordinated activation promotes communication between these regions, strengthening the functional connectivity of the central nervous system.

Increased neuronal activity

Double-tasking can lead to increased neural activity in brain regions involved in planning, execution and coordination of movements. This stimulates neurons and can strengthen neural pathways associated with cognitive and motor tasks.

Promoting brain plasticity

Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize and adapt in response to new experiences. Dual-tasking, by requiring constant adaptation between thought and action, can promote brain plasticity, supporting the reconfiguration of neuronal connections.

Strengthening the circuits involved in motor coordination 

Motor coordination involves precise communication between different parts of the brain. This practice strengthens the neural circuits involved in this coordination. The result is improved fluidity and precision of movement. These interventions are often used in fields such as physical rehabilitation, neurological rehabilitation and cognitive performance. Many professionals are integrating the benefits of dual cognitive-motor tasks into devices that mobilize this system to the benefit of patients. However, it is crucial to tailor these approaches to the individual needs and tolerance of each person.